Author:
Shigeyuki Okazaki
Publication/Publisher:
Trans. of A.I.J., No.283, Sep., 1979
Abstract:
The principal objective of the research is to develop a model
of pedestrian behavior in architectual space. In this model, behavior
is not taken for movement on a schematic architectual network,
but for independent movement in real architectual space of each
pedestrian given his own attributes. The plan of the building,
movement during rush hour or of evacuation, and fire are displayed
on the computer's Cathod Ray Tube (CRT). Pedestrian movement is
mainly caused by the application of magnetic models and equation
of motion. As it is already known, there are two kinds of magnetic
poles, namely, one with negative magnetic charge and the other
with positive. Two poles with the same charge repel each other
while those with different charge attract with a force proportional
to the product of the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them. In accordance with
the equation of motion, F=MX, an object of weight M moves with
accelerated velocity X, being influenced by a force F. Therefore,
supposing that an object with a magnetic pole is influenced by
a force from another pole, the object moves with accelerated velocity.
The velocity of the object increases as the force continues to
act on it. The upper limit of velocity is thus established. This
motion is compared to pedestrian movement. Each pedestrian with
a positive magnetic charge, being attracted by 'an attraction',
with a negative magnetic charge, as his destination of movement,
walks avoiding other pedestrians or 'obstructions' such as walls
with positive magnetic charges. That is, a pedestrian and an attraction
attract each other, while at the same time a pedestrian and another
pedestrian and an obstruction repel one another.
Title:
Author:
Shigeyuki Okazaki
Publication/Publisher:
Journal of Archit. Plann. Environ. Engng. AIJ, No.284, Oct., 1979
Abstract:
The simulation model of pedestrian movement presented in the
previous report stating that a position of any pedestrian 'I'
in each simulation time was dependent on the magnetic force from
all attractions, obstructions and other pedestrians. However,
the model was not sufficiently elaborate to represent concentrated
movement of pedestrians. The following model therefore, is complementary
to the above mentioned model. As shown in Fig. 1, this model consists
of two different corrections; one is the correction of overlapping
between pedestrians, avoiding and passing other pedestrians; the
other one is that of overlapping between a pedestrian and an obstruction.
Title:
Author:
Shigeyuki Okazaki
Publication/Publisher:
Journal of Archit. Plann. Environ. Engng. AIJ, No.285, Nov., 1979
Abstract:
This is a study of the simulation model for pedestrians moving
through complex architecture space such as underground shopping
malls or a building with many pedestrians. Two theories are examined
in this simulation model. One is for movement along the shortest
path to a specific destination. The other one is for the selection
of evacuation paths, taking the generation of a fire, smoke, congestion
of pedestrians and unrecognized space into account.
Title:
Authors:
Shigeyuki Okazaki
Chikashi Yamamoto
Publication/Publisher:
Journal of Archit. Plann. Environ. Engng. AIJ, No.299, Jan., 1981
Abstract:
This is a study of computer simulation model that made it possible
to display perspective view of pedestrian movement in architectural
space on the computer's Cathod Ray Tube as well as plan of this
space. As the perspective is taken from a view of one of the pedestrians
who walk according to this model, the operator feels as if he
is walking through the architectural space as a pedestrian or
escaping through an exit. Architectural space design and delicate
pedestrian movement are also examined in simulation respectively
to improve its design and algorithm of movement.
Title:
Authors:
Shigeyuki Okazaki
Satoshi Matsushita
Publication/Publisher:
Journal of Archit. Plann. Environ. Engng. AIJ, No.299, Jan., 1981
Abstract:
This is a study of computer simulation model of a probing walk
and a guide walk displaying the pedestrian movement and the plan
of building as a pedestrian field on the Cathod Ray Tube. The
pedestrian field is surrounded by a polygonal line which is composed
of vectors indicating walls. A node of two wall vectors, that
is convex into the pedestrian field is a corner of pedestrian
field. A pedestrian walks probing the appropriate corner where
he turns to walk to other appropriate corners until he finds his
destination field unit. A guideboard, indicating the number of
one of the destination field units and the directions to the unit
and helps a pedestrian to choose the appropriate corner. The model
made the pedestrian movement in the maze and movement in the station
possible.
Title:
Author:
Shigeyuki Okazaki
Satoshi Matsushita
Publication/Publisher:
Journal of Archit. Plann. Environ. Engng. AIJ, No.436, June.,
1992
Abstract:
This is a proposal of an application method of simulation model
for pedestrian movement to evaluation of building plans regarding
fire escape. The model visualize the movement of each pedestrian
in building plans, so designers can easily find problems of plans
to improve them 11 examples of simulation show that this model
is available for evalution of fire safty of plans as well as existing
calculation method, and that the model is available for other
roblems like changes of coeffocient of pedestran flow and change
of path. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by experiments
of pedestrian movement.
Author:
Shigeyuki Okazaki
Satoshi Matsushita
Publication/Publisher:
Proceeding of the International Conference on Engineering for
Crowd Safety，P.271-280，1993
Abstract:
The objective of this study is the development of a computer simulation model for pedestrian movement in architectural and urban space. It is through animation that the movement of each pedestrian in the plan is visualed in this model. Consequently, architects and designers can easily find and understand the problems in their design projects. The movement of each pedestrian is simulated by the motion of a magnetized object in a magnetic field. Positive magnetic pole is given to each pedestrian and obstacles, such as walls and columns. Negative magnetic pole is located at the goal of pedestrians. Each pedestrian moves to his goal by the attractive force caused by the negative magnetic pole at his goal, avoiding collisions with other pedestrians and obstacles by repulsive forces caused by the positive magnetic poles. The effectiveness of the simulation model is shown by the following two kinds of simulation examples. (1) Evacuation from an office building: In this model pedestrians walk along the route from each starting point to the exit in case of evacuation. The example shows the places where stagnation and heavy congestion occur, and designers can see if the evacuation routes are appropriate: (2) Movement of pedestrians in queue spaces: Three types of queuing behavior is classified in this model: movement in front of counters, movement passing through ratches, and movement of getting on and off in elevator halls. Simulation examples in a railway station and in a main floor of a resort hotel are shown where several kinds of queue spaces are included and complicated movement of hundreds of pedestrians occur.